The series of joint FTE and Liberty Fund colloquium continues in May with:
Understanding Liberty and Choice: Free Trade, Globalization, and Economic Development.
As with the previous colloquium, the unique characteristics of the FTE and Liberty Fund approaches will be integrated. The keynote speaker, Pietra Rivoli will bring her expertise to our discussion which is centered around a number of readings including her acclaimed book - The Travels of a T Shirt in the Global Economy.
Looking forward to our discussions in May. Please feel free to post questions, comments or resources here that are relevant to our meeting.
Click here for a look at the full conference schedule as well as our readings.
Showing posts with label collaboration. Show all posts
Showing posts with label collaboration. Show all posts
Thursday, May 1, 2008
Wednesday, February 27, 2008
Wiki comment and feedback
In EDUC 761 our class is reviewing various - Emerging Communication Tools and How They Might Influence Online Education in the Future. I have shared my experience with wiki and I have invited my colleagues to review the survey data on the left, leave a survey comment and post a comment as a reply.
Our reading and discussion in EDUC 762 has touched on peer to peer collaboration (our midterm is a good example of this), authentic and alternative assessment and recently, the challenges posed by 4 storms of E Learning that were predicted in 2004 and may already be here.
That said, after completing the survey to your left, if you would elaborate with a comment. You may reply to one prompt below or leave a comment based upon your own experience with wiki.
1. Of the benefits you identified in the survey, which is the most significant and why so you see this benefit as so important?
2. Are wiki now a part of your world as an instructor. If so, how do you use them. If not, are wiki evident in your various learning communities.
3. Share an example of peer to peer collaboration that you have used in the classroom (either face to face or online). Could a wiki have been used to support this collaboration?
4. Do you see wiki as an example of authenticity in activity or assessment? Why or why not.
I know you are all busy so thanks to those of you who take time to post a comment.
Greg@Az
Our reading and discussion in EDUC 762 has touched on peer to peer collaboration (our midterm is a good example of this), authentic and alternative assessment and recently, the challenges posed by 4 storms of E Learning that were predicted in 2004 and may already be here.
That said, after completing the survey to your left, if you would elaborate with a comment. You may reply to one prompt below or leave a comment based upon your own experience with wiki.
1. Of the benefits you identified in the survey, which is the most significant and why so you see this benefit as so important?
2. Are wiki now a part of your world as an instructor. If so, how do you use them. If not, are wiki evident in your various learning communities.
3. Share an example of peer to peer collaboration that you have used in the classroom (either face to face or online). Could a wiki have been used to support this collaboration?
4. Do you see wiki as an example of authenticity in activity or assessment? Why or why not.
I know you are all busy so thanks to those of you who take time to post a comment.
Greg@Az
Friday, February 8, 2008
Public v private - how should a wiki be constructed
A great discussion has sprung up in EDUC 762 regarding private v public settings for an educational wiki.
How do you weight in?
While here, if you have not voted in the survey on wiki use, give it a whirl.
Do the current survey results on wiki inform your comments?
I'll kick off our discussion by responding to the following excellent question:
So I wondered why your group chose to only complete a wiki to submit to the instructor knowing that your wiki could be subjected to vandalizing even with the private access. Not suggesting our classmates but, others who might obtain access.
This is a great question and really reflects back on the philosophy of the internet, social networking and community building. My response is grounded in my personal philosophy, experience with this tool and constructivist view point of learning communities.
Personal Philosophy
I am grounded in the moral philosophy of Adam Smith. Smith, in The Theory of Moral Sentiments presents a strong case that the link between individual liberty or natural liberty and society is personal responsibility expressed through virtue. The operative agent is an impartial spectator that aligns liberty with responsibility.
So my first response, is that I have tremendous confidence in my fellows.
Experience with wiki
If you think back to the survey (over on our left) one of the major advantages of a wiki is the archive functionality. Every page and page edit is saved in history. If a "vandal" were to attack any or all pages in a public wiki, the previous page would be restored and the vandal blocked from the site.
Our EDUC 762 group midterm project was a private one, a decision that I obviously find contrary to the essence of wiki, Adam Smith, Walt Whitman and inclusiveness. Having said that, the questioner accurately points out, the wiki could still be "vandalized".
But, the process of collaboration or the process of vandalizing is, I think, important to regard. Howl, was considered obscene (a form of poetic graffitti), Dali and Pollack are examples of those attacked by the cultural establishment as juvenile and "vandals" and early rap and hip hop were considered criminal. I am not saying that this wiki rises to high art, but a defining characteristic of wiki is collaboration and inclusivement (in my view).
So, I would welcome all collaboration which, at its heart could be viewed as subversive and ultimately vandalism.
A bit like the philosophy in The Leaves of Grass . . . . could Whitman have been anticipating the wiki (Me or I or our?):
What is commonest, cheapest, nearest, easiest is Me.
or
I too am not a bit tamed, I too am untranslatable.
or
Our freedom all in thee! our very lives in thee!
Constructivist view of learning
It will not be surprising that my philosophy of constructivism is founded on notions of personal liberty and responsibility, inclusiveness and a sense that, as Whitman and Ginsberg declare - are democratic and universal. The notion of American exceptionalism that was early on described in Democracy in America by Tocqueville identified five values crucial to America's success as a democratic republic:
(1) liberty
(2) egalitarianism
(3) individualism
(4) populism and
(5) laissez-faire
Perhaps these are important not only to wiki, but to the broader discussion of community building.
Click over to Public Wiki to view the wiki under discussion. The question at the beginning of this post focused on the Owyang assessment of weaknesses of wiki. Immediately above this analysis of weakness you can see a summary of strengths/benefits/uses of wiki that might inform your analysis of this topic.
Thanks to my classmates over in EDUC 762 for prompting this excellent discussion.
How do you weight in?
While here, if you have not voted in the survey on wiki use, give it a whirl.
Do the current survey results on wiki inform your comments?
I'll kick off our discussion by responding to the following excellent question:
So I wondered why your group chose to only complete a wiki to submit to the instructor knowing that your wiki could be subjected to vandalizing even with the private access. Not suggesting our classmates but, others who might obtain access.
This is a great question and really reflects back on the philosophy of the internet, social networking and community building. My response is grounded in my personal philosophy, experience with this tool and constructivist view point of learning communities.
Personal Philosophy
I am grounded in the moral philosophy of Adam Smith. Smith, in The Theory of Moral Sentiments presents a strong case that the link between individual liberty or natural liberty and society is personal responsibility expressed through virtue. The operative agent is an impartial spectator that aligns liberty with responsibility.
So my first response, is that I have tremendous confidence in my fellows.
Experience with wiki
If you think back to the survey (over on our left) one of the major advantages of a wiki is the archive functionality. Every page and page edit is saved in history. If a "vandal" were to attack any or all pages in a public wiki, the previous page would be restored and the vandal blocked from the site.
Our EDUC 762 group midterm project was a private one, a decision that I obviously find contrary to the essence of wiki, Adam Smith, Walt Whitman and inclusiveness. Having said that, the questioner accurately points out, the wiki could still be "vandalized".
But, the process of collaboration or the process of vandalizing is, I think, important to regard. Howl, was considered obscene (a form of poetic graffitti), Dali and Pollack are examples of those attacked by the cultural establishment as juvenile and "vandals" and early rap and hip hop were considered criminal. I am not saying that this wiki rises to high art, but a defining characteristic of wiki is collaboration and inclusivement (in my view).
So, I would welcome all collaboration which, at its heart could be viewed as subversive and ultimately vandalism.
A bit like the philosophy in The Leaves of Grass . . . . could Whitman have been anticipating the wiki (Me or I or our?):
What is commonest, cheapest, nearest, easiest is Me.
or
I too am not a bit tamed, I too am untranslatable.
or
Our freedom all in thee! our very lives in thee!
Constructivist view of learning
It will not be surprising that my philosophy of constructivism is founded on notions of personal liberty and responsibility, inclusiveness and a sense that, as Whitman and Ginsberg declare - are democratic and universal. The notion of American exceptionalism that was early on described in Democracy in America by Tocqueville identified five values crucial to America's success as a democratic republic:
(1) liberty
(2) egalitarianism
(3) individualism
(4) populism and
(5) laissez-faire
Perhaps these are important not only to wiki, but to the broader discussion of community building.
Click over to Public Wiki to view the wiki under discussion. The question at the beginning of this post focused on the Owyang assessment of weaknesses of wiki. Immediately above this analysis of weakness you can see a summary of strengths/benefits/uses of wiki that might inform your analysis of this topic.
Thanks to my classmates over in EDUC 762 for prompting this excellent discussion.
Thursday, February 7, 2008
Tomorrow's Professor Blog
Tomorrow's Professor Blog is a joint project between MIT and Stanford and appears to archive messages and comments from a similarly named mailing list.
Thanks to Naomi Story, director of the MCC Center for Teaching and Learning for pointing out the mailing list and blog.
The Feb. 6 e mail (will appear on the blob Feb. 20) directly related to a discussion over in EDUC 761 Collaborating Communities and in part reads
Tomorrow's Teaching and Learning
The Rules of Engagement: Socializing College Students for the New Century
By Neil F. Williams
Introductory comments by James Rhem, publisher, NT&LF.
Professor Williams had contributed a nice piece on "shared quizzes" earlier and so his name on an article was encouraging, but requiring students to exchange greetings with him at the door and creating a formal rule about covering one's mouth if one yawned? These, among others, seemed beyond the pale of college teaching.
Did students really need this level of coaching in manners?
And if they did, was it a college professor's job to continue raising these children?
What do you think?
Thanks to Naomi Story, director of the MCC Center for Teaching and Learning for pointing out the mailing list and blog.
The Feb. 6 e mail (will appear on the blob Feb. 20) directly related to a discussion over in EDUC 761 Collaborating Communities and in part reads
Tomorrow's Teaching and Learning
The Rules of Engagement: Socializing College Students for the New Century
By Neil F. Williams
Introductory comments by James Rhem, publisher, NT&LF.
Professor Williams had contributed a nice piece on "shared quizzes" earlier and so his name on an article was encouraging, but requiring students to exchange greetings with him at the door and creating a formal rule about covering one's mouth if one yawned? These, among others, seemed beyond the pale of college teaching.
Did students really need this level of coaching in manners?
And if they did, was it a college professor's job to continue raising these children?
What do you think?
Tuesday, February 5, 2008
Second life, social networks and online learning
If you completed the survey to the left, I would love your comments and elaboration here.
I learned about Second Life from, of all people my spin teacher. Now Biray is an amazing teacher and very, very adept at staying current with instructional technology so I thought I should find out about this social network. So I rushed out and 6 months later, here are my thoughts and questions. I would love to hear what you all have to say.
In addition to the recommendation by Biray, I learned about social networking in the Graduate Certificate Program in E Learning and Online Teaching. Den, Susan, Datta Kaur, Kay and Lisa are accomplished facilitators and online mentors and, in one form or another, they have all pointed out the possibilities of social networks in the evolution of learning communities.
So, as an economics instructor, I became intrigued by the costs and benefits of these social networks and the impact that they may have on teaching and learning. Below find a representative sample of what my indepth use of google revealed.
I would say that, in order to build effective learning communities educators need to be aware of the boundaries of their discipline, some learning theory, some instructional design, a bit of assessment and some awareness of how their students interact and in what environments their students interact. All of these will inform how we develop and delivery instruction and what approach we use to facilitate our classes.
Further, if we see any value in constructivism, we need to be aware of, to quote Biray, "where our students are". If they are in social networks - Facebook, MySpace, Second Life, then perhaps we need to know a bit about these networks.
After all, our learning communities are not about us, they are not about our disciplines, they should be about how learners access and integrate content in an authentic and relevant manner. We should remember that authenticity and relevance are jointly defined.
So, here they are, a few sources about Second Life.
My next post may be about teaching economics on youTube.
University of Cincinnati Second Life Learning Community (UCSLLC)
The University of Cincinnati Second Life Learning Community will evaluate the feasibility of using Second Life, a 3D multi-user virtual online platform (3DMUVE), in online instruction for the purpose of distance learning and to enhance traditional face-to-face courses. Our major goals are to share and develop resources as we examine the use of the Second Life virtual environment for instruction, pool our talents to build reusable learning objects and spaces in Second Life, and ultimately create a web-based resource for other educators that describes our process, the results of our experience, and our recommendations for its future use as an instructional tool.
At colleges, real learning in a virtual world
They may be college teachers and students, but they're also pioneers — exploring strange new worlds that exist nowhere on Earth. That's because their classes and field trips take place only on computers, using an online digital world called Second Life.
Some 60 schools and universities have set up shop inside Second Life — most in the past year. They join a population that includes real-world business people, politicians, entertainers, and more than 800,000 other "residents" of the virtual world.
Getting an Academic Life in Second Life from the Chronicle of Higher Education
Colleges around the world are opening virtual campuses in Second Life, a three-dimensional, colorful environment that can be accessed via a computer. One of those campuses is New Orleans Island, which was built by Merrill L. Johnson, an administrator at the University of New Orleans. What is the appeal of Second Life, and what kind of classes does the university hold there? Is Second Life a useful distance-education platform or just frivolous entertainment? Mr. Johnson will answer those and other questions.
Unintended Consequences
Doug Simpson's weblog of research on the collision of law, networks and disruptive technologies.
Virtual worlds are increasingly becoming subjects of serious research by law and economics scholars as well entrepreneurs. Over the coming weeks, we'll be exploring a virtual world called Second Life, with the help of several embedded "avatars" living there, and comparing their reports with the thoughts of leading scholars in this emerging field.
Academic research on Second Life
Although you may not realise it, Second Life has a huge group of educators active within it, many of whom have been active for some time. The process of writing academic papers however, is long and sometimes painful. We are starting to see these papers appearing dotted around the place:
I learned about Second Life from, of all people my spin teacher. Now Biray is an amazing teacher and very, very adept at staying current with instructional technology so I thought I should find out about this social network. So I rushed out and 6 months later, here are my thoughts and questions. I would love to hear what you all have to say.
In addition to the recommendation by Biray, I learned about social networking in the Graduate Certificate Program in E Learning and Online Teaching. Den, Susan, Datta Kaur, Kay and Lisa are accomplished facilitators and online mentors and, in one form or another, they have all pointed out the possibilities of social networks in the evolution of learning communities.
So, as an economics instructor, I became intrigued by the costs and benefits of these social networks and the impact that they may have on teaching and learning. Below find a representative sample of what my indepth use of google revealed.
I would say that, in order to build effective learning communities educators need to be aware of the boundaries of their discipline, some learning theory, some instructional design, a bit of assessment and some awareness of how their students interact and in what environments their students interact. All of these will inform how we develop and delivery instruction and what approach we use to facilitate our classes.
Further, if we see any value in constructivism, we need to be aware of, to quote Biray, "where our students are". If they are in social networks - Facebook, MySpace, Second Life, then perhaps we need to know a bit about these networks.
After all, our learning communities are not about us, they are not about our disciplines, they should be about how learners access and integrate content in an authentic and relevant manner. We should remember that authenticity and relevance are jointly defined.
So, here they are, a few sources about Second Life.
My next post may be about teaching economics on youTube.
University of Cincinnati Second Life Learning Community (UCSLLC)
The University of Cincinnati Second Life Learning Community will evaluate the feasibility of using Second Life, a 3D multi-user virtual online platform (3DMUVE), in online instruction for the purpose of distance learning and to enhance traditional face-to-face courses. Our major goals are to share and develop resources as we examine the use of the Second Life virtual environment for instruction, pool our talents to build reusable learning objects and spaces in Second Life, and ultimately create a web-based resource for other educators that describes our process, the results of our experience, and our recommendations for its future use as an instructional tool.
At colleges, real learning in a virtual world
They may be college teachers and students, but they're also pioneers — exploring strange new worlds that exist nowhere on Earth. That's because their classes and field trips take place only on computers, using an online digital world called Second Life.
Some 60 schools and universities have set up shop inside Second Life — most in the past year. They join a population that includes real-world business people, politicians, entertainers, and more than 800,000 other "residents" of the virtual world.
Getting an Academic Life in Second Life from the Chronicle of Higher Education
Colleges around the world are opening virtual campuses in Second Life, a three-dimensional, colorful environment that can be accessed via a computer. One of those campuses is New Orleans Island, which was built by Merrill L. Johnson, an administrator at the University of New Orleans. What is the appeal of Second Life, and what kind of classes does the university hold there? Is Second Life a useful distance-education platform or just frivolous entertainment? Mr. Johnson will answer those and other questions.
Unintended Consequences
Doug Simpson's weblog of research on the collision of law, networks and disruptive technologies.
Virtual worlds are increasingly becoming subjects of serious research by law and economics scholars as well entrepreneurs. Over the coming weeks, we'll be exploring a virtual world called Second Life, with the help of several embedded "avatars" living there, and comparing their reports with the thoughts of leading scholars in this emerging field.
Academic research on Second Life
Although you may not realise it, Second Life has a huge group of educators active within it, many of whom have been active for some time. The process of writing academic papers however, is long and sometimes painful. We are starting to see these papers appearing dotted around the place:
Sunday, January 20, 2008
Midterm
Our midterm in EDUC 762 is a collaborative activity. I have been paired with 3 other classmates (we are Group 3) and I will be researching wiki as assessment.
Below is a very rough draft of my participation.
Click on my wiki to see a formatted version - click here.
Greg Pratt
EDUC 762
Group 3
Peer to Peer Collaboration/Wiki
Spring 2008
Introduction to wiki, its uses & benefits
Introduction
According to Bernie Dodge (http://webquest.sdsu.edu/necc2004/blogs-and-wikis.htm) wikis were developed in 1995 by Ward Cunningham. The word means quick in Hawaiian. Cunningham's definition of a a wiki is the simplest online database that could possibly work. The archetypal wiki is Wikipedia, a collaborative effort with over a quarter million entries. Wikis allow open editing. Setting on the wiki can allow anyone can edit anyone else's writing, or undo a previous edit. This leads to a shared ownership of the collected work. To experience this, you can add an entry to Wikipedia or set up your own free wikispace on any of a number of wiki sites. If you have sufficient geek experience you can install your own wiki software on a server running Linux or Mac OS X. Most are open source.
Uses
In “Using Wikis for Summative and Formative Assessment” Marija Cubric outlines the following uses for wiki in instructional settings:
• Add (referenced) contribution to the weekly topic analysis
• Add definition to a topic discussion
• Review an article/web-site/standard relative to the topic
• Complete a practical task
• Develop essay
• Review the work of your colleague and provide comments
Her list reveals a dual nature of wiki, there is potential for academic skill development in writing, critical thinking, and other above the course level outcomes that learning institutions strive to achieve. At the same time, wiki provide a vehicle to develop collaborative skills and develop facility in the use of appropriate instructional technology for task completion.
Emma Tonkin in “Making the Case for Wiki” presents the uses for wiki in a broader context. She describes the following wiki uses:
Single-user Wikis
Talking to yourself may well be the first sign of madness, but what about writing to yourself? At first sight, it seems peculiar to imagine a single author making good use of a wiki. Wikis are collaborative environments, after all - or they're fast flexible multi-user web development platforms. What can one person do with a wiki?
• Brainstorming in the form of a wikiweb, which she describes as a concept map in wiki page.Or, rephrased, what on earth is the good of wiki software for a handheld or PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)?
• a single user wiki is a marvellous way of collecting and presenting information over a period of time.
Lab Book
Students requiring a place to keep an online lab book or research notebook are in much the same situation as the 'single user' jotting down brainstorming ideas, except for a number of details:
• The students may wish to create an index and entries cross-referenced by date and by content.
• Page export facilities in various forms are useful, if not necessary; for example, if the student can export their completed pages as a well typeset PDF document, the results can easily be used and shared in a variety of scenarios, or even bound into a book and used as a permanent record.
Collaborative Writing
Wikis are available online, for anybody granted access, and usually include the vital versioning information that allows authors to track the history of their documents. They appear to be an ideal platform for collaborative authorship, and indeed certain projects such as the Wikipedia, an online encyclopaedia, have proved to be entirely successful.
Wikis destined for collaborative writing should therefore include:
• a page locking system
• a versioning system
• the ability to temporarily remove the edit functionality for a given page
Knowledge Base
Any good learning community needs to retain their experiences somewhere, and a wiki makes a reasonably good knowledge base.
My teammate Patrick M pointed me to the online journal The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning. In a 2005 analysis of wiki the authors of this article conclude: “The wiki has clear potential in distance education, allowing users to brainstorm ideas with an unlimited number of people around the world, and to collaborate with them in exchanging files and developing webpages.” They go to articulate both a use and a benefit of wiki when they write: “It is hoped that an increasing number of educators will encourage their students to develop the simple online editing and sharing skills that make wikis useful.”
Benefits
Linda Schwartz, Sharon Clark, Mary Cossarin, and Jim Rudolph in a 2004 article from the previously mentioned online journal outline a number of benefits arguing that “wikis can provide an efficient, flexible, user friendly and cost-effective interface for collaboration, knowledge creation and archiving, and student interaction. Lack of standardized formatting across wiki programs makes WYSIWYG editing attractive. The need for minimal technical skills allows users to concentrate on content rather than on the technical process of writing, and reduces the need for student support.”
In Corporate Wiki Users: Results of a Survey Ann Majchrzak et al reported that a survey of 168 corporate wiki users disclosed three main types of benefits from corporate wikis: enhanced reputation, work made easier, and helping theorganization to improve its processes. These benefits were seen as more likely when the wiki was used for tasks requiring novel solutions and the information posted was from credible sources.
Cubric prefaced her analysis of the benefits of wiki by saying “Regarding the theoretical foundation of this work, it is obvious that wiki is a textbook example of constructivist tool for learning . . . “ Among the benefits she lists (see Appendix for full analysis) are just-in-time learning, “structured dialogue” via learning, and a movement toward “connective” writing. An interesting finding asserted that wiki help student employability by preparing them for teamwork, global audience and peer reviews and in general for the new business model where “collaboration is the expectation rather than exception”
Weaknesses & challenges of wiki as an assessment tool
Jeremiah Owyang outlined the following wiki weaknesses at his blog site
To me, public wikis are one of the most problematic of all the social tools. I’ve created, managed, or been part of several public wikis, and as soon as they get popular, they get vandalized. The challenge is that turning over that much control over to the crowd gives one person nearly 90% control of the content. Sure, you can revert it but it becomes a cat and mouse game. I deployed the industry wiki for the Data Storage Industry, and we had to lock it, and hand out keys to trusted members of the community due to vandalism, same with the ScobleShow wiki, which is permanently disabled. Wikipedia? Same thing. In my frustration, I wrote this piece on the problem with wikis is people.
Other weaknesses and challenges of wiki surfaced in our class include the unfamiliar format, the somewhat crude and confusing interface or view, the difficulty in attribution of authorship and time requirement. While this participant in our class revised their opinion, their first impression of wiki was: “In my initial assessment of the wiki earlier this week, I absolutely hated it, and wanted nothing to do with it. Because of it's minimalist-looking webpage, I was turned off from the very beginning, and it didn't look very user-friendly.” So what was accurately described as a “minimalist page was an initial turn off. This may pose a significant challenge to the generation of learners raised on high levels of participant controlled functionality that is aesthetically under the control of the individual. Another participant in the same class writes on our discussion board about wiki: “What happens if more than one person is making an edit to the same content in a Wiki? Common sense tells me that whoever clicks save most recent gets their changes posted on the Wiki. Where this confuses me is if I am spending a great deal of time modifying information in a Wiki, only to realize someone else overrides it...this could end up in much wasted time.” This latter concern “wasted effort” would effectively block the efficicacy of wiki.
The issue of time required is clearly a barrier or cost to the use of wiki. An innovator in the use of social networks in composition instruction writes: “I can think of other reasons for not rushing to accept social networking apps. The main one is time. I have my students using blogs, wikis, and RSS now. And I've been wanting to start incorporating podcasts and videos. But to learn how to use them (some of my students do use them, which is great!) effectively in my classes, I just don't have the time” (http://secondlanguagewriting.com/explorations/Archives/2007/August/HypefromtheMediaandfromW.html)
A member of Group 3, my collaborative group for this midterm activity writes on the E Learning for Educators blog: “Do you see wiki as an example of authenticity in activity or assessment? No as it is too uncontrolled for my taste and comfort level.”
Finally, one of my colleagues in my midterm collaborate group wrote: “I would emphasize to my students that most of what is posted in wikis could be unverified.” This is perhaps the most frequently raised objection to wiki.
Examples of application of wiki in an online classroom.
Below are a list of applications for wiki in online classrooms. I would argue that perhaps the strongest set of applications involve the writing process and the publication process. My colleague at Mesa Community College, Shelley Rodrigo, English faculty and Instructional Technologist wrote on January 7, 2008 on E Learning for Educators: “Peer review of writing projects in a wiki is always interesting. Using the page history is helpful for both the student to learn from their classmates as well as my tracking of student work. I also like having students co-develop resource pages using a wiki.”
• Add (referenced) contribution to the weekly topic analysis
• Add definition to a topic discussion
• Review an article/web-site/standard relative to the topic
• Complete a practical task
• Develop essay
• Review the work of your colleague and provide comments
• Brainstorming
• Lab book
• Collaborative writing
At least one learning objective connected to the use wiki.
Clearly a number of learning objectives can be both articulated, taught and assessed via wiki. The most common general area seems to involve writing. One learning objective that might be taught and assessed online would be to have an original work of academic writing be revised by both the author and a classmate. Thinking back to Shelley Rodrigo’s comments, it seems that an increased quantity, quality, and process as measured by revision in the writing process may be connected to the use of wiki.
Below is a very rough draft of my participation.
Click on my wiki to see a formatted version - click here.
Greg Pratt
EDUC 762
Group 3
Peer to Peer Collaboration/Wiki
Spring 2008
Introduction to wiki, its uses & benefits
Introduction
According to Bernie Dodge (http://webquest.sdsu.edu/necc2004/blogs-and-wikis.htm) wikis were developed in 1995 by Ward Cunningham. The word means quick in Hawaiian. Cunningham's definition of a a wiki is the simplest online database that could possibly work. The archetypal wiki is Wikipedia, a collaborative effort with over a quarter million entries. Wikis allow open editing. Setting on the wiki can allow anyone can edit anyone else's writing, or undo a previous edit. This leads to a shared ownership of the collected work. To experience this, you can add an entry to Wikipedia or set up your own free wikispace on any of a number of wiki sites. If you have sufficient geek experience you can install your own wiki software on a server running Linux or Mac OS X. Most are open source.
Uses
In “Using Wikis for Summative and Formative Assessment” Marija Cubric outlines the following uses for wiki in instructional settings:
• Add (referenced) contribution to the weekly topic analysis
• Add definition to a topic discussion
• Review an article/web-site/standard relative to the topic
• Complete a practical task
• Develop essay
• Review the work of your colleague and provide comments
Her list reveals a dual nature of wiki, there is potential for academic skill development in writing, critical thinking, and other above the course level outcomes that learning institutions strive to achieve. At the same time, wiki provide a vehicle to develop collaborative skills and develop facility in the use of appropriate instructional technology for task completion.
Emma Tonkin in “Making the Case for Wiki” presents the uses for wiki in a broader context. She describes the following wiki uses:
Single-user Wikis
Talking to yourself may well be the first sign of madness, but what about writing to yourself? At first sight, it seems peculiar to imagine a single author making good use of a wiki. Wikis are collaborative environments, after all - or they're fast flexible multi-user web development platforms. What can one person do with a wiki?
• Brainstorming in the form of a wikiweb, which she describes as a concept map in wiki page.Or, rephrased, what on earth is the good of wiki software for a handheld or PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)?
• a single user wiki is a marvellous way of collecting and presenting information over a period of time.
Lab Book
Students requiring a place to keep an online lab book or research notebook are in much the same situation as the 'single user' jotting down brainstorming ideas, except for a number of details:
• The students may wish to create an index and entries cross-referenced by date and by content.
• Page export facilities in various forms are useful, if not necessary; for example, if the student can export their completed pages as a well typeset PDF document, the results can easily be used and shared in a variety of scenarios, or even bound into a book and used as a permanent record.
Collaborative Writing
Wikis are available online, for anybody granted access, and usually include the vital versioning information that allows authors to track the history of their documents. They appear to be an ideal platform for collaborative authorship, and indeed certain projects such as the Wikipedia, an online encyclopaedia, have proved to be entirely successful.
Wikis destined for collaborative writing should therefore include:
• a page locking system
• a versioning system
• the ability to temporarily remove the edit functionality for a given page
Knowledge Base
Any good learning community needs to retain their experiences somewhere, and a wiki makes a reasonably good knowledge base.
My teammate Patrick M pointed me to the online journal The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning. In a 2005 analysis of wiki the authors of this article conclude: “The wiki has clear potential in distance education, allowing users to brainstorm ideas with an unlimited number of people around the world, and to collaborate with them in exchanging files and developing webpages.” They go to articulate both a use and a benefit of wiki when they write: “It is hoped that an increasing number of educators will encourage their students to develop the simple online editing and sharing skills that make wikis useful.”
Benefits
Linda Schwartz, Sharon Clark, Mary Cossarin, and Jim Rudolph in a 2004 article from the previously mentioned online journal outline a number of benefits arguing that “wikis can provide an efficient, flexible, user friendly and cost-effective interface for collaboration, knowledge creation and archiving, and student interaction. Lack of standardized formatting across wiki programs makes WYSIWYG editing attractive. The need for minimal technical skills allows users to concentrate on content rather than on the technical process of writing, and reduces the need for student support.”
In Corporate Wiki Users: Results of a Survey Ann Majchrzak et al reported that a survey of 168 corporate wiki users disclosed three main types of benefits from corporate wikis: enhanced reputation, work made easier, and helping theorganization to improve its processes. These benefits were seen as more likely when the wiki was used for tasks requiring novel solutions and the information posted was from credible sources.
Cubric prefaced her analysis of the benefits of wiki by saying “Regarding the theoretical foundation of this work, it is obvious that wiki is a textbook example of constructivist tool for learning . . . “ Among the benefits she lists (see Appendix for full analysis) are just-in-time learning, “structured dialogue” via learning, and a movement toward “connective” writing. An interesting finding asserted that wiki help student employability by preparing them for teamwork, global audience and peer reviews and in general for the new business model where “collaboration is the expectation rather than exception”
Weaknesses & challenges of wiki as an assessment tool
Jeremiah Owyang outlined the following wiki weaknesses at his blog site
To me, public wikis are one of the most problematic of all the social tools. I’ve created, managed, or been part of several public wikis, and as soon as they get popular, they get vandalized. The challenge is that turning over that much control over to the crowd gives one person nearly 90% control of the content. Sure, you can revert it but it becomes a cat and mouse game. I deployed the industry wiki for the Data Storage Industry, and we had to lock it, and hand out keys to trusted members of the community due to vandalism, same with the ScobleShow wiki, which is permanently disabled. Wikipedia? Same thing. In my frustration, I wrote this piece on the problem with wikis is people.
Other weaknesses and challenges of wiki surfaced in our class include the unfamiliar format, the somewhat crude and confusing interface or view, the difficulty in attribution of authorship and time requirement. While this participant in our class revised their opinion, their first impression of wiki was: “In my initial assessment of the wiki earlier this week, I absolutely hated it, and wanted nothing to do with it. Because of it's minimalist-looking webpage, I was turned off from the very beginning, and it didn't look very user-friendly.” So what was accurately described as a “minimalist page was an initial turn off. This may pose a significant challenge to the generation of learners raised on high levels of participant controlled functionality that is aesthetically under the control of the individual. Another participant in the same class writes on our discussion board about wiki: “What happens if more than one person is making an edit to the same content in a Wiki? Common sense tells me that whoever clicks save most recent gets their changes posted on the Wiki. Where this confuses me is if I am spending a great deal of time modifying information in a Wiki, only to realize someone else overrides it...this could end up in much wasted time.” This latter concern “wasted effort” would effectively block the efficicacy of wiki.
The issue of time required is clearly a barrier or cost to the use of wiki. An innovator in the use of social networks in composition instruction writes: “I can think of other reasons for not rushing to accept social networking apps. The main one is time. I have my students using blogs, wikis, and RSS now. And I've been wanting to start incorporating podcasts and videos. But to learn how to use them (some of my students do use them, which is great!) effectively in my classes, I just don't have the time” (http://secondlanguagewriting.com/explorations/Archives/2007/August/HypefromtheMediaandfromW.html)
A member of Group 3, my collaborative group for this midterm activity writes on the E Learning for Educators blog: “Do you see wiki as an example of authenticity in activity or assessment? No as it is too uncontrolled for my taste and comfort level.”
Finally, one of my colleagues in my midterm collaborate group wrote: “I would emphasize to my students that most of what is posted in wikis could be unverified.” This is perhaps the most frequently raised objection to wiki.
Examples of application of wiki in an online classroom.
Below are a list of applications for wiki in online classrooms. I would argue that perhaps the strongest set of applications involve the writing process and the publication process. My colleague at Mesa Community College, Shelley Rodrigo, English faculty and Instructional Technologist wrote on January 7, 2008 on E Learning for Educators: “Peer review of writing projects in a wiki is always interesting. Using the page history is helpful for both the student to learn from their classmates as well as my tracking of student work. I also like having students co-develop resource pages using a wiki.”
• Add (referenced) contribution to the weekly topic analysis
• Add definition to a topic discussion
• Review an article/web-site/standard relative to the topic
• Complete a practical task
• Develop essay
• Review the work of your colleague and provide comments
• Brainstorming
• Lab book
• Collaborative writing
At least one learning objective connected to the use wiki.
Clearly a number of learning objectives can be both articulated, taught and assessed via wiki. The most common general area seems to involve writing. One learning objective that might be taught and assessed online would be to have an original work of academic writing be revised by both the author and a classmate. Thinking back to Shelley Rodrigo’s comments, it seems that an increased quantity, quality, and process as measured by revision in the writing process may be connected to the use of wiki.
Wednesday, January 16, 2008
Reflective Journal 7
Our module this week provided a welcome change (slowing) of the pace. As I am concurrently engaged in a second class - EDUC 761 the timing has been perfect.
I am finalizing my final project I am reflecting first what a wonderfully comprehensive activity this is and second how useful this will be to improve assessment in my online courses.
My classmates also reacted favorably, I think, to this pace. As the drafts of the final project appeared I was very impressed with the work we have done in analyzing and then applying that analysis of assessment tools to our online courses or projected online courses.
I am finalizing my final project I am reflecting first what a wonderfully comprehensive activity this is and second how useful this will be to improve assessment in my online courses.
My classmates also reacted favorably, I think, to this pace. As the drafts of the final project appeared I was very impressed with the work we have done in analyzing and then applying that analysis of assessment tools to our online courses or projected online courses.
Tuesday, January 15, 2008
Reflective Journal 6
Module 6 - this week my reflection will focus on the readings. Outstanding set of ideas and I found I connected with these 3 readings.
Cybercoaching - this was wonderful, although I did skip the material at the end of the article, it seemed to focus on writing.
Ok, the components of the model - cyberspace + coaching = cybercoaching was a great way to illustrate a process that I have intuitively been moving toward. I love the feedback model, the notion that as a facilitator I can intervene (formatively assess and realign) my students to help them achieve their goals within the constraints of the learning environment.
The key point raised about cyber (3) was the relationship that encourages a two way feedback mechanism. This ZPD concept really makes sense, not only for exercise science, or languages but economics.
Interestingly page 5 ended with a difference in perception between faculty and students on the promptness of the feedback, in a 2004 study. This is not surprising given the gulf that I have seen between points of view in the profession and our students, and the profession can well be as biased as our students.
The Harmonic Feedback Look was a great way to integrate the complex components of instruction in a way that makes sense and relates to the coaching model.
I also found the Datta Kaur, 2001 paper to be very relevant. Her survey of the literature was very, very well done and the Rheingold description of virtual learning communities was dead on when he wrote of successful online communities:
1. Possessing a sprint of group creative, experimentation, exploration, and goodwill.
2. Authentic conversation - from the heat, the heart and the gut.
3. A gift economy for knowledge-sharing.
On page 10 of Datta Kaur I alsom related to "real -time community"
1. net-gener
2. facilitator
3. excitement and possibilites
Page 16 - "Similar to a host of a party, the optinal online teacher invites you into his/her 'home' shaing . . . personal views and values. . . "
The Brandon article was very relevant to my instructional design course and the list of url references was excellent.
Cybercoaching - this was wonderful, although I did skip the material at the end of the article, it seemed to focus on writing.
Ok, the components of the model - cyberspace + coaching = cybercoaching was a great way to illustrate a process that I have intuitively been moving toward. I love the feedback model, the notion that as a facilitator I can intervene (formatively assess and realign) my students to help them achieve their goals within the constraints of the learning environment.
The key point raised about cyber (3) was the relationship that encourages a two way feedback mechanism. This ZPD concept really makes sense, not only for exercise science, or languages but economics.
Interestingly page 5 ended with a difference in perception between faculty and students on the promptness of the feedback, in a 2004 study. This is not surprising given the gulf that I have seen between points of view in the profession and our students, and the profession can well be as biased as our students.
The Harmonic Feedback Look was a great way to integrate the complex components of instruction in a way that makes sense and relates to the coaching model.
I also found the Datta Kaur, 2001 paper to be very relevant. Her survey of the literature was very, very well done and the Rheingold description of virtual learning communities was dead on when he wrote of successful online communities:
1. Possessing a sprint of group creative, experimentation, exploration, and goodwill.
2. Authentic conversation - from the heat, the heart and the gut.
3. A gift economy for knowledge-sharing.
On page 10 of Datta Kaur I alsom related to "real -time community"
1. net-gener
2. facilitator
3. excitement and possibilites
Page 16 - "Similar to a host of a party, the optinal online teacher invites you into his/her 'home' shaing . . . personal views and values. . . "
The Brandon article was very relevant to my instructional design course and the list of url references was excellent.
Monday, January 14, 2008
Reflective Journal 5
This post is a reflection of my work in both EDUC 762 - Online Assessment and EDUC 761 - Collaborative Communities.
A great week. The two applied activities in EDUC 762 Online Assessment were outstanding and I will certainly incorporate both into my online instruction. Our small group module 2 over in collaborating communities was also a wonderful way to experience a technique that might well facilitate online community building. In a wonderful way, these two classes are complimentary and are synergistic. (I hope that this syntax and structure is appropriate. As this is an open blob, if you are a Noam Chomsky fan [I am not] feel free to correct or clarify)
My EDUC 762 activity involved a participant/student evaluation and revision of the final project rubric. This was fantastic. I was very interested in the reaction of my classmates to both the post I made over in the class course site. I suspect that, as the semester winds down, they are feeling pressure and stress.
I find that, acting as a student in a class like this, I am able to more identify with the pressures and confusion that my students may experience.
The analysis of Bloom's taxonomy informed my thinking about the topics I was reading about in both classes. In particular, the notion that level of taxonomy can affect both authenticity and act as a cost to "cheating" and a benefit to "not cheating" is one I will need to continue to reflect on. In fact, the complexity of the connections between Bloom, "cheating", online community building and authenticity are compel me to follow my classmate Bill Demory in remaining humble and seeking further development.
I continue to be amazed at the discussions in my two classes and the way that they are intersecting.
For example, a classmate over in EDUC 761 wrote this week
I certainly feel at a disadvantage in the beginning of an online course. I usually refer back to the Introductions frequently at first and I try to interact with two to three people a day. If anyone has any suggestions, I'm sure open to them
I responded
I find myself in the same position you describe . . . for the first week or so. Then I can associate the tone and texture of the discussion postings with my classmates. If you think about our class, classmate A's postings are distinctive and unique and very different from, say classmate Bs postings. Instructor X's approach to posting is much different from Instructor Y, at least to my ear in terms of tone and approach.
Having said that, I have found that in wiki discussion threads or in other platforms such as moodle or VoiceThread, the poster's picture appears next to the post or reply.
This is very, very helpful - although it raises other issues, which are currently being discussed by a number of us offline now. Further information about this issue or a platform for you to post your own thoughts is over on the public blog
E Learning for Educators
(note the shameless effort to promote public discussion over here)
I think that the exchange above (another shameless act - imitation of the format of two books on online learning by Pratt/Palloff and Lehmann) is significant as we all consider the issues of authenticity, diversity, our own teaching style and online community building.
A great week. The two applied activities in EDUC 762 Online Assessment were outstanding and I will certainly incorporate both into my online instruction. Our small group module 2 over in collaborating communities was also a wonderful way to experience a technique that might well facilitate online community building. In a wonderful way, these two classes are complimentary and are synergistic. (I hope that this syntax and structure is appropriate. As this is an open blob, if you are a Noam Chomsky fan [I am not] feel free to correct or clarify)
My EDUC 762 activity involved a participant/student evaluation and revision of the final project rubric. This was fantastic. I was very interested in the reaction of my classmates to both the post I made over in the class course site. I suspect that, as the semester winds down, they are feeling pressure and stress.
I find that, acting as a student in a class like this, I am able to more identify with the pressures and confusion that my students may experience.
The analysis of Bloom's taxonomy informed my thinking about the topics I was reading about in both classes. In particular, the notion that level of taxonomy can affect both authenticity and act as a cost to "cheating" and a benefit to "not cheating" is one I will need to continue to reflect on. In fact, the complexity of the connections between Bloom, "cheating", online community building and authenticity are compel me to follow my classmate Bill Demory in remaining humble and seeking further development.
I continue to be amazed at the discussions in my two classes and the way that they are intersecting.
For example, a classmate over in EDUC 761 wrote this week
I certainly feel at a disadvantage in the beginning of an online course. I usually refer back to the Introductions frequently at first and I try to interact with two to three people a day. If anyone has any suggestions, I'm sure open to them
I responded
I find myself in the same position you describe . . . for the first week or so. Then I can associate the tone and texture of the discussion postings with my classmates. If you think about our class, classmate A's postings are distinctive and unique and very different from, say classmate Bs postings. Instructor X's approach to posting is much different from Instructor Y, at least to my ear in terms of tone and approach.
Having said that, I have found that in wiki discussion threads or in other platforms such as moodle or VoiceThread, the poster's picture appears next to the post or reply.
This is very, very helpful - although it raises other issues, which are currently being discussed by a number of us offline now. Further information about this issue or a platform for you to post your own thoughts is over on the public blog
E Learning for Educators
(note the shameless effort to promote public discussion over here)
I think that the exchange above (another shameless act - imitation of the format of two books on online learning by Pratt/Palloff and Lehmann) is significant as we all consider the issues of authenticity, diversity, our own teaching style and online community building.
Reflective Journal 4
Week 4 - wow!
Our engagement as a class online continues to astound. I am so impressed and inspired by my classmates and their commitment to engagement. We have such a diversity of perspective, background and knowledge and they have combined in an online world of discussion, debate, support and respectful analysis.
The complexity and attendant challenge of assessment is continuing to engage and challenge me. The readings this week, in the context of our readings reminds me that the process of designing, delivering and assessing instruction is indeed daunting, particularly in an online environment.
Our midterm collaboration is a real learning experience. As I mentioned last week, I little friction has developed between another type A in the group and me. This is a humbling and challenging situation, trying to constructively resolve conflict can be a real difficulty for me. On the positive side, this conflict reflects the authenticity, diversity and learner centered nature of our collaboration. I have found little conflict in the artificial world, I mean, who cares. But conflict always suggests authenticity, so this reflects the level of investment in this project between by group mate and myself. The diversity at the heart of real assessment is here - not only in the differences between how I respond to this conflict, but in the manner the other individuals in the group respond and finally how our group responds.
This is exciting, in a weird way. The learning community that is Group 3 is evolving and teaching me a lesson I am working hard to understand.
Another positive to the constructive conflict in the group collaboration is the reinforcement this gives me to consider how my students will react. These feelings of frustration, less than, confusion, and helplessness will also characterize learners involved in conflict and the less mature learners may respond by withdrawal from the community. This is a key lesson from this experience to remember.
As to the midterm project itself - I feel pleased with my contribution and I am eagerly anticipating both my teammate's work as well as the final project. This last component is, at the heart of the disagreement or conflict in my group. Ironic, since the final project is the least important part of the process. Oh, when will I learn?
I have continued with E Learning for Educator blogging for the class and the additional surveys the are generating interesting and hopefully useful information.
Greg@AZ
Our engagement as a class online continues to astound. I am so impressed and inspired by my classmates and their commitment to engagement. We have such a diversity of perspective, background and knowledge and they have combined in an online world of discussion, debate, support and respectful analysis.
The complexity and attendant challenge of assessment is continuing to engage and challenge me. The readings this week, in the context of our readings reminds me that the process of designing, delivering and assessing instruction is indeed daunting, particularly in an online environment.
Our midterm collaboration is a real learning experience. As I mentioned last week, I little friction has developed between another type A in the group and me. This is a humbling and challenging situation, trying to constructively resolve conflict can be a real difficulty for me. On the positive side, this conflict reflects the authenticity, diversity and learner centered nature of our collaboration. I have found little conflict in the artificial world, I mean, who cares. But conflict always suggests authenticity, so this reflects the level of investment in this project between by group mate and myself. The diversity at the heart of real assessment is here - not only in the differences between how I respond to this conflict, but in the manner the other individuals in the group respond and finally how our group responds.
This is exciting, in a weird way. The learning community that is Group 3 is evolving and teaching me a lesson I am working hard to understand.
Another positive to the constructive conflict in the group collaboration is the reinforcement this gives me to consider how my students will react. These feelings of frustration, less than, confusion, and helplessness will also characterize learners involved in conflict and the less mature learners may respond by withdrawal from the community. This is a key lesson from this experience to remember.
As to the midterm project itself - I feel pleased with my contribution and I am eagerly anticipating both my teammate's work as well as the final project. This last component is, at the heart of the disagreement or conflict in my group. Ironic, since the final project is the least important part of the process. Oh, when will I learn?
I have continued with E Learning for Educator blogging for the class and the additional surveys the are generating interesting and hopefully useful information.
Greg@AZ
Monday, January 7, 2008
VoiceThread
I became aware of this tool during the spring, 2008 semester as a result of my participation in EDUC 763 Online Assessment. My classmate and colleague presented research on Voice Thread - click here to see her full analysis.
Introduction
After reading a variety of articles and blogs about VoiceThread, I think that one of the cofounders, Steve Muth, summed this tool up best in a blog comment to Sean Rad when he said, "The concept is casual group audio conversations around shared evocative media (a.k.a. Mystery Science Theater 3000, only your media)."
A VoiceThread is a type of asynchronous audio forum that is based around a variety of possible media types (photos, drawings, documents or even video). The user can create a book of images and then create their own meaning of these images through voice, text, or drawings. Visitors can use these same tools to respond to or discuss the media. The participants of these audio conversations are shown in strips on the sides of the images. As stated on the VoiceThread Web site, "A VoiceThread allows group conversations to be collected and shared in one place, from anywhere in the world."
This sample is open and you can experiment if you wish.
Introduction
After reading a variety of articles and blogs about VoiceThread, I think that one of the cofounders, Steve Muth, summed this tool up best in a blog comment to Sean Rad when he said, "The concept is casual group audio conversations around shared evocative media (a.k.a. Mystery Science Theater 3000, only your media)."
A VoiceThread is a type of asynchronous audio forum that is based around a variety of possible media types (photos, drawings, documents or even video). The user can create a book of images and then create their own meaning of these images through voice, text, or drawings. Visitors can use these same tools to respond to or discuss the media. The participants of these audio conversations are shown in strips on the sides of the images. As stated on the VoiceThread Web site, "A VoiceThread allows group conversations to be collected and shared in one place, from anywhere in the world."
This sample is open and you can experiment if you wish.
Pros and Cons of student centered communities
This outstanding question was posed by the co instructors of EDUC 761 Collaboration Communities one of the course in the sequence for the UofW Certificate in E Learning and Online Teaching. I am blogging about in response to this excellent question.
Background Information
Vygotsky's constructivist theory, which is often called social constructivism, has much more room for an active, involved teacher. For Vygotsky the culture gives the child the cognitive tools needed for development. The type and quality of those tools determines, to a much greater extent than they do in Piaget's theory, the pattern and rate of development. Adults such as parents and teachers are conduits for the tools of the culture, including language. The tools the culture provides a child include cultural history, social context, and language. Today they also include electronic forms of information access.
We call Vygotsky's brand of constructivism social constructivism because he emphasized the critical importance of culture and the importance of the social context for cognitive development. Vygotsky's the zone of proximal development is probably his best-known concept. It argues that students can, with help from adults or children who are more advanced, master concepts and ideas that they cannot understand on their own.
Source:
http://viking.coe.uh.edu/~ichen/ebook/et-it/social.htm
Working from the definition above:
Cons:
Time, the social constructivist approach, just like all learner centered approaches, is much more time consuming for the facilitator for a number of reasons. This approach implies instructional design for multiple learning styles, multiple paths for learning, a variety of access points and, at the community college level, more than a nodding acquaintance with learning theory.
A second con lies in the assumptions about both the learner and culture. A pessimist might argue that both are ill prepared for the demands of liberal arts and rigorous inquiry.
Personal experiences of con
Since beginning the UofW Stout certificate program in E Learning and Online Teaching I have attempted to redesign the online courses I teach at MCC. This had been unbelievably time consuming process and trying to do this while teaching has been a challenge.
Given the time demands, I do not have a course ready for delivery in revised format, further illustrating the challenge or negative impact of time demand on course revision.
This brings up another negative from my experience. I am the only economics faculty member in my department pursing this line of analysis for my delivery of courses, either online or in person. All the other economics faculty are content centered and I mean, real, content centered. This merely reflects the nature of the discipline, but increasingly I find I have less in common with the economists in my institution and more with the philosophers. Ah, perhaps this is as much a positive as a negative.
Another negative is the heterogeneous makeup of my students. While some are clearly subject to the assumptions of androgogy some of the more optimistic assumptions of this theory and social constructivism may not apply to the more academically immature learners.
Pros
Learning about social constructivism and the related issues of a learner centered approach to instruction have simulated my thinking about how economics can be taught. It lead me to a great analysis by David Colander The Complexity Vision and the Teaching of Economics and has presented a set of instructional challenges that I find to be very interesting.
Greg
Background Information
Vygotsky's constructivist theory, which is often called social constructivism, has much more room for an active, involved teacher. For Vygotsky the culture gives the child the cognitive tools needed for development. The type and quality of those tools determines, to a much greater extent than they do in Piaget's theory, the pattern and rate of development. Adults such as parents and teachers are conduits for the tools of the culture, including language. The tools the culture provides a child include cultural history, social context, and language. Today they also include electronic forms of information access.
We call Vygotsky's brand of constructivism social constructivism because he emphasized the critical importance of culture and the importance of the social context for cognitive development. Vygotsky's the zone of proximal development is probably his best-known concept. It argues that students can, with help from adults or children who are more advanced, master concepts and ideas that they cannot understand on their own.
Source:
http://viking.coe.uh.edu/~ichen/ebook/et-it/social.htm
Working from the definition above:
Cons:
Time, the social constructivist approach, just like all learner centered approaches, is much more time consuming for the facilitator for a number of reasons. This approach implies instructional design for multiple learning styles, multiple paths for learning, a variety of access points and, at the community college level, more than a nodding acquaintance with learning theory.
A second con lies in the assumptions about both the learner and culture. A pessimist might argue that both are ill prepared for the demands of liberal arts and rigorous inquiry.
Personal experiences of con
Since beginning the UofW Stout certificate program in E Learning and Online Teaching I have attempted to redesign the online courses I teach at MCC. This had been unbelievably time consuming process and trying to do this while teaching has been a challenge.
Given the time demands, I do not have a course ready for delivery in revised format, further illustrating the challenge or negative impact of time demand on course revision.
This brings up another negative from my experience. I am the only economics faculty member in my department pursing this line of analysis for my delivery of courses, either online or in person. All the other economics faculty are content centered and I mean, real, content centered. This merely reflects the nature of the discipline, but increasingly I find I have less in common with the economists in my institution and more with the philosophers. Ah, perhaps this is as much a positive as a negative.
Another negative is the heterogeneous makeup of my students. While some are clearly subject to the assumptions of androgogy some of the more optimistic assumptions of this theory and social constructivism may not apply to the more academically immature learners.
Pros
Learning about social constructivism and the related issues of a learner centered approach to instruction have simulated my thinking about how economics can be taught. It lead me to a great analysis by David Colander The Complexity Vision and the Teaching of Economics and has presented a set of instructional challenges that I find to be very interesting.
Greg
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